Past Programs

It's a Gas! Petroleum and Energy Transitions in American Life

February 13, 2006
It’s a Gas! Petroleum and Energy Transitions in American Life
Stern Center, Great Room

It's a Gas
Issue in Context
The global petroleum industry was born in the Appalachian Basin in Titusville, Pennsylvania when the first well was drilled in the summer of 1859. At the time, nobody could have predicted that the discovery of this resource would result in an era of unparalleled growth and development. Since then, the use of petroleum as a source of energy has become a defining characteristic of the 20th century.

However, with the dawn of the 21st century some concern has begun to surface about surging oil prices. It is said that inexpensive energy fueled the “American century” of growth and development. With the end of the era of inexpensive energy, we face either a future of high cost energy or transition to more affordable energy sources.

Dr. Black examines where petroleum-based living has carried us during the 20th century and takes a glance towards the future to come to terms with our current petroleum conundrum.

About the Speaker
Brian Black teaches history and environmental studies at Pennsylvania State University, Altoona. His research emphasis is on the landscape and environmental history of North Read more

Women and Politics

Thursday, February 9, 2006
Running as a Woman: How Stereotypes Influence the Conduct and Consequences of Political Campaigns
Weiss Center, Rubendall Recital Hall, 12:00 PM

Women, Media and Politics
Stern Center, Great Room, 7:00 PM

Running as a Woman

Issue in Context
Throughout the course of history, women have been the subject of oppression and countless stereotypes. Over the past few decades, general views of women have begun to change drastically. Women now are able to hold professional positions and command respect in a manner they were not able to in the early part of the century. In regards to electoral politics, however, the success of women tends to be directly correlated to stereotypical images of female candidates and the prominent issues of the day. The manner in which the general public perceives the capabilities and liabilities of today’s female candidate can greatly affect the operation and outcome of a political campaign. Additionally, stereotypes have a tendency to influence such aspects of campaigns as media coverage, the candidates’ behavior, and voters’ opinions. They may also shape the electoral climate, providing women with an advantage in some settings and a disadvantage in others.

The recent elections of female candidates around the globe combined with the Read more

Indigenous Australia: A Contemporary Snapshot

Wednesday, February 8
Indigenous Australia: A Contemporary Snapshot
Stern Center, Great Room, 7:00 p.m.

Australia Poster
Issue in Context
Indigenous Australians, commonly called Aborigines, form one of the oldest surviving cultures in the world. Native art, music, a strong faith, and family systems are key characteristics of the rich aboriginal culture, from the didgeridoo to dreamtime to fire-stick farming. Believed to have arrived in Australia about 40,000 years ago, there were 350-750 distinct groups with different dialects and languages when English colonists arrived in the eighteenth century.

Settlers did not value the native customs and values and gradually forced simulation across the country. Massive dispossession of traditional lands, disease and direct violence caused a 90 percent population decrease of Aborigines between 1788 and 1900. The population plummet eventually leveled as communities developed resistance to diseases and adapted to their circumstances. However, many of the tribal cultures and languages had been lost. Their traditional nomadic lifestyle was no longer viable with the increase of appropriated land, and many Aborigines worked on farms, paid for their labor with food, clothing and other basic necessities. They were not legally Australian citizens, and could not vote. Further family and cultural damage occurred from the Australian government’s Read more

How to be a Peacemaker

Thursday, February 2
COMMON HOUR
How to be a Peacemaker
Weiss Center, Rubendall Recital Hall, 12:00 p.m.

Peacemaker
Issue in Context
If it is true that all governments claim they want peace for their citizens and for the international world, then why is it that we fail to teach our children peace in the classroom? In our modern society, there is very little focus on the study of non-violence, conflict resolution, pacifism, or the discipline of peace. Many famous philosophers have subscribed to this notion of nonviolence. Gandhi once famously said “Nonviolence is the weapon of the strong.” Einstein seemed to agree with this notion, writing “We must begin to inoculate our children against militarism by educating them in the spirit of pacifism. … I would teach peace rather than war, love rather than hate.”

People become violent because they are taught violence as children. This cycle of violence can be broken. Peacemaking can in fact be taught; the literature in this field is large and continues to grow. In 1970, only one college had a major in peace studies: Manchester College in Indiana . According to the Peace and Justice Studies Association, a national group based at Evergreen State College, Read more

AIDS: Lest We Forget

AIDS: Lest We Forget

A series of events to mark World AIDS Day. Co-sponsored by the Office of Campus Academic Life, Department of Biology and the Health and Wellness Committee.
Wednesday, November 30, 2005

Part I: 12:00 p.m. AIDS Quilt Opening Ceremony and Unveiling

Part II: 7:00 p.m. Film: And the Band Played On – A story of discovery of the AIDS virus. From the early days in 1978 when numerous San Francisco gays began dying from unknown causes, to the identification of the HIV Virus.

Thursday, December 1, 2005

Part III: 12:00 p.m. Common Hour Panel Discussion – The science and policies surrounding global and domestic AIDS.
James A. Hoxie, University of Pennsylvania, Phil Goropoulos, AIDS Community Alliance.

Special: 5:30 p.m . Bloodlines Viewing and Dinner Discussion – Heterosexual HIV
View Bloodlines – a 20 minute documentary developed by two young women who contracted AIDS followed by a discussion led by Philip Goropoulos ’97, CEO and president of AIDS Community Alliance.

Part IV: 7:00 p.m. Film: Silverlake Life: The View From Here – Winner of over 10 International Awards, including the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. An extraordinary video diary of living with AIDS. The film Read more

Liberal Arts Education, Leadership and Business Management

Tuesday, November 29, 2005
2005 Rush Award
Liberal Arts Education, Leadership and Business Management
Stern Center, Great Room, 7:00 p.m.

Liberal Arts Education

Issue in Context
Marvin Suomi of the Kajima Corporation once said “Somehow we have failed miserably in communicating to students and parents the importance of a well-rounded education in the business world. Today, perhaps more than ever, we need the depth of perspective that a liberal arts education can bring to decision making, product development, leadership, and other dimensions of business.”

Based on Mr. Suomi’s statement, one can easily begin to understand how much the business world has evolved in just a few decades. In the past, there was a clear bias within firms where specialized education was strongly preferred to liberal arts education in terms of background for employment. However, as the job market has evolved, so have the criteria for employment. Increasingly, firms are looking for individuals who exhibit skills in problem solving, the capacity for cross-cultural understanding, and the ability to place key decisions in broader social and historical contexts.

As more corporations become multi-national, the demand for liberal arts educated analysts in the business world continues to soar. The value of better understanding of human nature Read more

Ethics in Neurological Practice: Discerning Appropriate Medical Care in Cases of Severe Brain Injury and Disease

Thursday, November 17, 2005
Common Hour
Ethics in Neurological Practice: Discerning Appropriate Medical Care in Cases of Severe Brain Injury and Disease
Weiss Center, Rubendall Recital Hall, 12:00 p.m.

Ethics in Neurology

Issue in Context
Modern medical science has brought remarkable changes to every individual’s life. Due to advances in medical technology, more people live longer, and more productively, than any generation in history. However, these advances engender ethical dilemmas that no generation of doctors has ever had to face. New life-sustaining techniques and practices are forcing hospitals to pose questions that never needed to be asked before. Foremost of these is the question, “How far do we go to save a life?” In other words, when suffering is immeasurable, and a patient’s condition terminal, should doctors be permitted to end a patient’s life?

Syndromes like persistent vegetative state and the immense suffering caused by prolonged cancers and various debilitating diseases have many people, including some doctors, wondering if it would be more humane for physicians to withdraw treatment in order to hasten death than sustain the lives of those suffering or unconscious. The recent Terri Schiavo case gives relevance to the emerging quandary over life-sustaining treatments.

There is an irrefutable need to Read more

The First September 11: The Tragedy of U.S. Moral Ambivalence Toward Democracy and Torture in the "Condor Years" in Latin America

Wednesday, November 16, 2005
The First September 11: The Tragedy of U.S. Moral Ambivalence Toward Democracy and Torture in the “Condor Years” in Latin America
Stern Center, Great Room, 7:00 p.m.

First September 11
Issue in Context
When Americans hear the term 9/11, few associate it with the September 11, 1973 overthrow of Chile ‘s democratic government that marked the onset of cooperation between the United States and military regimes in Latin America. During the next decade, Washington turned a blind eye to the conduct of military regimes in Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil that perpetrated horrific human rights abuses against both violent revolutionaries and defenders of democracy. In the name of combating the spread of communism, the United States backed a secret campaign to liquidate Latin American dissidents who sought asylum in other countries, “Operation Condor.” The Operation’s spies entered neighboring Latin American countries to track, monitor, and kill political adversaries. The most notorious Condor assassination took place in Washington, DC, in September 1976, when agents planted a car bomb that killed Chile’s former foreign minister Orlando Letelier and an American woman.

About the Speakers
John Dinges is a former foreign correspondent to Latin American countries and author of three Read more

The Age of Genocide

Tuesday, November 15, 2005
2005 Morgan Lecture
The Age of Genocide
Anita Tuvin Schlechter Auditorium, 7:00 p.m.

Genocide
Issue in Context
Genocide is defined by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide as the deliberate and systematic destruction,“in whole or in part of a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.”

During World War II, Winston Churchill stated that the world was facing “a crime without a name.” In the wake of the Holocaust, Raphael Lemkin, a Polish legal scholar, sought to formulate a term that could encompass the killings, the objectives, and the methods of the Nazis against the Jewish population of Europe. Lemkin coined the word “genocide” from the Greek “genos” (race or tribe) and the Latin suffix “cide” (to kill). Lemkin’s struggle for the universal recognition of international law defining and forbidding genocide brought about the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

Remembering the Holocaust, American leaders such as Jimmy Carter and George Bush, Sr. promised that “never again will the world fail to act in time to prevent this terrible crime,” but the history of the 20th century proved that genocide happened again and again across the globe. Read more

Aquaporin Water Channels: From Atomic Structure to Clinical Medicine

Monday, November 14, 2005
2005 Priestley Lecture and Award
Aquaporin Water Channels: From Atomic Structure to Clinical Medicine
Anita Tuvin Schlechter Auditorium, 7:30 P.M.

Aquaporin Water Channels

Peter Agre, Nobel Laureate and vice chancellor of science and technology at Duke University, presented the Priestley Award lecture on “Aquaporin Water Channels: From Atomic Structure to Clinical Medicine.” Agre discussed the high water permeability of certain biological membranes due to the presence of aquaporin water channel proteins, which have been associated with human clinical disorders such as brain edema and muscular dystrophy. Plant aquaporins are involved in numerous processes including the uptake of water by rootlets and carbon dioxide by leaves. Established in 1952, the annual Priestley Award honors a distinguished scientist who has made discoveries contributing to the welfare of mankind. The award commemorates Joseph Priestley, a Pennsylvania scientist, scholar and friend of Dickinson College, who isolated oxygen. Former Priestley Award recipients include Francis Crick, Stephen Jay Gould, Margaret Mead and Carl Sagan. Read more

The Death Penalty: Does the System Work?

Thursday, November 10, 2005
The Death Penalty: Does the System Work?
Anita Tuvin Schlechter Auditorium, 7:00 p.m.

Death Penalty Poster

Issue in Context
“The criminal justice system can and does fail to distinguish the innocent from the guilty, and the implications for capital punishment are ghastly.” – from a discussion on the Internet in January, 1997.

“While some [death penalty] abolitionists try to face down the results of their disastrous experiment and still argue to the contrary, the…[data] concludes that a substantial deterrent effect has been observed…In six months, more Americans are murdered than have been killed by execution in this entire century…Until we begin to fight crime in earnest [by using the death penalty], every person who dies at a criminal’s hands is a victim of our inaction.” – Karl Spence, Texas A&M University.

Over half of the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty either by law or by practice. However, the United States federal government and 38 states, including Pennsylvania, still have capital punishment as an option for sentencing. In 2004, 59 death row inmates in the United States were executed, in most cases by lethal injection. In November and December 2006 alone, Texas has scheduled six executions. Read more

Presidential War Powers: From Lincoln to Bush

Thursday, November 3, 2005
Presidential War Powers: From Lincoln to Bush

Presidential War

Part I: Common Hour DEBATE: Resolved: The War in Iraq is Just
David Perry, professor of ethics at the U.S. Army War College
Russ Bova, professor of political Science at Dickinson College.
Weiss Center, Rubendall Recital Hall, 12:00 p.m.

Part II: Teach-In. When Does a War End?: War Powers and the Lessons of Reconstruction after the American Civil War
Michael Vorenberg, author of Final Freedom and professor of history at Brown University
Stern Center, Great Room, 2:00 p.m.

Part III Roundtable: Presidential War Powers: Historical Perspectives from Lincoln to Bush
John Yoo, former deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice and professor of law at the University of California at Berkeley
Louis Fisher, Senior Specialist in Separation of Powers for the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress; and Michael Vorenberg, author of Final Freedom and professor of history at Brown University
Stern Center, Great Room, 7:00 p.m.

Issue in Context- Debate
There is much political debate in America today over whether the most recent war in Iraq meets the criteria necessary for a war to be considered just. Read more

Race, Class, and Violence in America: Building Coalitions for Change

Wednesday, November 2, 2005
Race, Class, and Violence in America: Building Coalitions for Change
Stern Center, Great Room 7:00 P.M.

Race Poster
Issue in Context
Between 1973 and 1994, the poverty rate for children in young families has doubled. Meanwhile, violent crime committed by youths has increased more than 78% in the past six years. According to statistics, shortly after the year 2050, the white majority in America will dissipate. This information is used on hate websites to negatively influence and scare young people into believing America is not the country it once was. It is clear that coalition building is more important than ever if the current younger generation is to have any hope for a successful future.

Thirty years ago, white residents of a Boston neighborhood, known as Southi, pelted school buses carrying black students with rocks and tomatoes. This area of south Boston had the highest concentration of impoverished whites in America in the 1970’s; Southie also represented the face of racism in the northeast. Mob murders, drug abuse, teen pregnancy, and frequent funerals for young people were rampant. Few insiders then or now have spoken out about this aspect of Boston.

Michael Patrick MacDonald grew up in Southie Read more

Memory, Counter-Memory, and the End of the Monument after 9/11

Wednesday, October 26, 2005
Memory, Counter-Memory, and the End of the Monument after 9/11
Stern Center, Great Room, 7:00 p.m.

memorial-poster.gif

Issue in Context
Constructing monuments to commemorate tragedies such as the Holocaust and 9/11 can trigger intense debate as designers strive to represent the collective memory of a grieving nation. Much of the controversy stems from the aesthetic and political dilemmas involved in creating national monuments. The United States and Germany recently faced such predicaments while constructing the World Trade Center Site Memorial in New York City and the National Holocaust Memorial in Berlin . The memorials in both countries strive to convey the full spectrum of citizens’ sentiments, but each monument has received criticism for falling short. Since historical events are open to so many interpretations, one wonders if it is possible to construct a monument that captures the full range of emotion and memory.

About the Speaker
James E. Young is a renowned scholar of Holocaust remembrance and an internationally recognized expert on memorial architecture. He was appointed to the selection committees for both the National Holocaust Memorial in Berlin and the World Trade Center Site Memorial in New York City .

Young has written numerous articles concerning Read more

Women, Knowledge & Power

Tuesday, October 11, 2005
Women, Knowledge & Power
Stern Center, Great Room 7:00 P.M.

womenposter.jpg

Issue in Context
In 1833, Oberlin College became the first co-educational college in the United States. The 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote, was ratified in 1920 and Congress passed the Equal Employment Opportunity Act in 1972. In 1981, Sandra Day O’Connor became the first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

The word “feminist” first appeared in the 19th century and the modern feminist movement took off with passion in the 1960s. Yet, though the twentieth century saw a wave of progress in achieving women’s rights, many believe that women still have obstacles to overcome.

Dorothy Smith has argued forcefully that some of those obstacles lie squarely within the academy and in the nature of scholarly work and scientific research. In particular, Smith contends that commonly accepted social science models are problematic for women, and indeed for everyone, because women’s experience did not play a role in their development. Though women have made tremendous strides in the field of sociology over the past century, Smith believes that sociology (and more generally the social sciences) remains dominated by a male perspective and ideology. Thus, Read more

Why God Won’t Go Away: Brain Science and the Biology of Belief

Thursday , October 6, 2005
Why God Won’t Go Away: Brain Science and the Biology of Belief
Stern Center, Great Room 7:00 P.M.

Brain Science

Issue in Context
Many minds of the 19th century viewed religion as mere superstition which an increasingly enlightened society would soon discard. Yet today, in the most technologically and scientifically enlightened age, religious observance remains strong in the United States: church affiliation has never been higher, and more than seventy percent of the American population claims to believe in God.
Dr. Andrew Newberg, professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, examines whether or not religion is the product of biology, a kind of neurological illusion. Do our brains function in such a way as to make God seem not only real, but reachable?
Together with the late Dr. Eugene d’Aquili, Dr. Newberg conducted research using advanced imaging techniques to gain a further understanding of what occurs inside the brains of Buddhist and Franciscan nuns at prayer. What they discovered was that intensely focused spiritual contemplation triggers an alteration in the activity of the brain that leads one to perceive transcendent religious experiences as solid, tangible reality. This discovery suggests that God seems to be hard-wired into Read more

Flashpoints on the Peninsula : The Koreas in 2005

Wednesday, October 5, 2005
Flashpoints on the Peninsula : The Koreas in 2005
Stern Center, Great Room, 1:15 p.m. and 3:00 p.m.

Flashpoints on the Peninsula

Issue in Context
On Tuesday, September 13, 2005, the two Korean nations, in conjunction with the United States, China, Japan and Russia, opened dialogue in their 16th round of Cabinet-level talks in Pyongyang, North Korea. On September 19, after a series of negotiations since 2000, Pyongyang stated its intentions to abandon all existing nuclear programs and give up their nuclear weapons in a major breakthrough agreement. In exchange, the other five nations will provide energy and economic assistance.
In 1953, the Korean War ended in a truce, though never formally concluded with a peace treaty. In the years following the war, the North and South drifted farther apart as both sides were drawn into the Cold War. Communist North Korea maintained a mutually beneficial relationship with the Soviet Union, while South Korea remained close to the United States. The U.S. and South Korea have not only been close allies since then, but have also become important economic partners.
South Korea, with a GDP of over $500 billion, is now the twelfth largest economy in the world, and the Read more

Superconductivity and Superfluidity: A Century of Discovery

Wednesday, September 28, 2005
Superconductivity and Superfluidity: A Century of Discovery
Stern Center, Great Room 7:00 P.M.Superconductivity

Issue in Context
As gases such as nitrogen or oxygen are cooled down further and further, they will at one point become liquids with similar traits to water. Helium is unique because, as it is cooled down even further, it develops some quirky qualities. For example, in extremely low temperatures, the “superfluid” helium can crawl through the tiniest of holes without any resistance and, given the chance, will crawl up and around the sides of any container.

These superfluids are reminiscent of superconductors, which have no electrical resistance. In theory, superfluids and superconductors both present novel concepts for future technologies. Physicists call these exotic states of matter “macroscopic quantum states.”

What discoveries have been made in the fields of superfluidity and superconductivity over the past century? What philosophical implications do they have? What implications might they have for future technologies? The lecture will explore these and other important questions facing the field.

About the Speaker
David Lee has enjoyed an expansive and distinguished career in the field of low-temperature physics. With his colleagues Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson, he has spent Read more

Civil Liberties in War Time

September 26, 2005
Civil Liberties in War Time
2005 Constitution Address
Anita Tuvin Schlechter Auditorium, 7:00 p.m.Civil Liberties in War Time

Issue in Context
Wartime often leads the U.S. government into bestowing various demands on its citizens to help provide for the common defense. For example, the government has enacted conscription, commandeered property, and rationed resources.

Also during those times, the government has felt it necessary to restrict certain civil liberties for the sake of national security. The Sedition Act of 1798 was implemented to silence political dissent as our founders feared a war with France. During the Civil War, habeas corpus was suspended to imprison and exile Confederate sympathizers. In the 20th century, paranoia over possible invasions and infiltrations by enemies led to the Espionage Act of 1917, the internment of Japanese-American citizens during World War II, and the explosion of McCarthyism at the dawn of the Cold War.

Now, as America is once again immersed in war, the government is trying to balance civil liberties with threats from terrorists. Soon after 9/11, Congress passed the PATRIOT ACT, which authorized law enforcement officials to use invasive methods to investigate terror suspects. As the war in Iraq intensified, especially during the 2004 election, protesters Read more

Healing: At What Price?

Tuesday, August 30, 2005
Healing: At What Price?
Stern Center, Great Room 12:00 P.M.

Healing at What Price

Issue in Context
Holistic healing refers to medical practices that seek to integrate the mind,body, and spirit. Proponents of holism argue that traditional medicine does not effectively address the spiritual and mental aspects of healing. Many holistic techniques are derived from ancient medical practices, and holistic therapy has gained popularity in the West over the past decade. According to the 2002 survey conducted by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 36% of Americans had used a form of alternative therapy within the past year. Criticism of holistic techniques arises when alternative therapies cannot be supported by scientific data or lack adequate testing. However, there are areas in which conventional medicine and alternative techniques complement each other. Through analysis of Sub-Saharan African and Tibetan contexts, Bernard Ugeux will share his insight into the current success of holistic therapeutic practies in the West.

About the Speaker
Bernard Ugeux currently serves as the director of the Institute of Science and Theology and the director of the Center for African Studies in Toulouse, France. In addition, Ugeux is a professor of theology at the Catholic Institute of Toulouse Read more